USE OF MELOXICAM IN PREGNANCY

Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammation in rheumatic disease. 

Use of NSAIDs in pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), oligohydramnios, premature closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA), structural cardiovascular defects and a number of other congenital anomalies, including orofacial clefts. However the available data are limited, confounded and often conflicting; further research is therefore required to define the risk of these outcomes more accurately.

There are no published data concerning the safety of maternal meloxicam use in human pregnancy and it is therefore not possible to provide an adequate evidence-based assessment of the fetal risks following gestational exposure.

Exposure to NSAIDs after 30 weeks of gestation has been associated with an increased risk of premature closure of the DA and oligohydramnios. These effects are thought to be mediated by the inhibitory effect of NSAIDs on prostaglandin production. There are conflicting findings regarding the risks of  PPHN following antenatal use of NSAIDs. Further evidence is required before this possible association can be confirmed. Where published data concerning the fetal effects of gestational exposure are unavailable or limited, a possible class effect for these associations should be considered for all NSAIDs.

All NSAIDs should, where possible, be avoided during the third trimester. In circumstances where the maternal clinical condition requires treatment with meloxicam during the third trimester, discussion with a Fetal Medicine Unit regarding antenatal monitoring for oligohydramnios and ductus arteriosus patency is recommended. Where use of meloxicam is being considered at any stage of pregnancy the available NSAID class exposure pregnancy safety data should be discussed with the patient to support informed decision-making regarding the risks and benefits of treatment.

Please refer to the NSAID overview monograph for more information. Other risk factors may also be present in individual cases which may independently increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. Clinicians are reminded of the importance of consideration of such factors when performing case-specific risk assessments. Discussion with UKTIS is recommended for all cases of mefenamic acid exposure in pregnancy.